基于边缘检测算法检测视频中文字

基于ESP32智能空气站实现

简介

采用D1 mini模块，颗粒物传感器，二氧化碳传感器，光线传感器，温湿度传感器，屏幕等通过串口语言进行开发,可检测空气中主要有害物质–pM2.5,PM10的仪器，并实现实时监测功能

实现功能

1.二氧化碳监测
2.环境光检测
3.可吸入颗粒物检测
4.温湿度检测
5.天气预报
6.时钟功能
7.显示监测数据动态切换
8.便携、低功耗

使用硬件

硬件中通过ESP8266与PMS5003可吸入物颗粒物传感器、BME280温湿度传感器、BH1750光线传感器、UsartGPU26B串口屏、Sense air s8二氧化碳传感器使用杜邦线连接，用电源线进行供电

原理图

如图， 分为以下模块：BH1750（光线传感器）、BME280（温湿度传感器）、Switch（开关）、PMS5003（颗粒物传感器）、UsartGPU26B（串口屏）、Sense air s8（二氧化碳传感器）、D1MINI（主控板）。

技术

• ardunio

• python

• esp32等硬件

• mqtt

• requests

• GPUMarker

数据指标

功能	               指标
颗粒物浓度检测	        0~1000pm
室内温湿度检测	        温度量程：-40度~85度 湿度量程：0~100RH
二氧化碳浓度检测	    量程：0~10000ppm（正常的二氧化碳量程为0~2000ppm）
时钟功能	           北京时间
自动调节光线亮度功能	1-65535lx(光线亮度量程)

功能实现

总体结构如图

天气数据获取

# python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @FileName  :server.py
# @Time      :2021/3/24 21:26
# @Author    :czq

from urllib.parse import quote
import urllib.request
import re
import json
import paho.mqtt.publish as publish
import time
import requests
from io import BytesIO
import gzip

'''
parameter
'''
location = '117.22,39.0'
key = '8d7a3e69f9644bb5bf9ed5da19209e67'
client_id = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
host = '121.43.238.135'
port = 18083
user = 'admin'
password = 'public'


weather_url = "https://devapi.heweather.net/v7/weather/now?location="+location+"&key="+key
weather_response = urllib.request.urlopen(weather_url)
weather_responsebyte = weather_response.read()
buff = BytesIO(weather_responsebyte)
f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buff)
weather_result = f.read().decode('utf-8')
data2 = json.loads(weather_result)
real = data2["now"]["temp"]
hum = data2["now"]["humidity"]
tempfl = data2["now"]["feelsLike"]
code = data2["now"]["icon"]
if code == '100' or code == '150':
    code = 1
elif code == '104' or code == '154':
    code = 2
elif code == '101' or code == '103' or code == '102' or code == '153':
    code = 3
elif code == '300' or code == '301' or code == '350' or code == '351':
    code = 4
elif code == '302' or code == '303':
    code = 5
elif code == '304':
    code = 6
elif code == '305' or code == '309':
    code = 7
elif code == '306' or code == '307' or code == '308' or code == '310' or code == '311' or code == '312' or code == '313' or code == '314' or code == '315' or code == '316' or code == '317' or code == '318' or code == '399':
    code = 8
elif code == '404' or code == '405' or code == '406' or code == '456':
    code = 9
elif code == '400' or code == '408' or code == '407' or code == '457':
    code = 10
elif code == '401' or code == '402' or code == '403' or code == '499' or code == '410' or code == '409':
    code = 11
elif code == '503' or code == '504' or code == '507' or code == '508':
    code = 12
elif code == '500' or code == '509' or code == '510' or code == '514' or code == '515' or code == '501':
    code = 13
elif code == '511' or code == '512' or code == '513':
    code = 14
elif code == '900':
    code = 16
elif code == '901':
    code = 17
elif code == '999':
    code = 18

print(real)
print(hum)
print(tempfl)
print(code)

fweather_url = "https://devapi.heweather.net/v7/weather/3d?location="+location+"&key="+key
fweather_response = urllib.request.urlopen(fweather_url)
fweather_responsebyte = fweather_response.read()
bufff = BytesIO(fweather_responsebyte)
ff = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=bufff)
fweather_result = ff.read().decode('utf-8')
data3 = json.loads(fweather_result)
high = data3["daily"][0]["tempMax"]
low = data3["daily"][0]["tempMin"]
fcode = data3["daily"][0]["iconDay"]
thigh = data3["daily"][1]["tempMax"]
tlow = data3["daily"][1]["tempMin"]
tcode = data3["daily"][1]["iconDay"]
if fcode == '100' or fcode == '150':
    fcode = 19
elif fcode == '104' or fcode == '154':
    fcode = 20
elif fcode == '101' or fcode == '103' or fcode == '102' or fcode == '153':
    fcode = 21
elif fcode == '300' or fcode == '301' or fcode == '350' or fcode == '351':
    fcode = 22
elif fcode == '302' or fcode == '303':
    fcode = 23
elif fcode == '304':
    fcode = 24
elif fcode == '305' or fcode == '309':
    fcode = 25
elif fcode == '306' or fcode == '307' or fcode == '308' or fcode == '310' or fcode == '311' or fcode == '312' or fcode == '313' or fcode == '314' or fcode == '315' or fcode == '316' or fcode == '317' or fcode == '318' or fcode == '399':
    fcode = 26
elif fcode == '404' or fcode == '405' or fcode == '406' or fcode == '456':
    fcode = 27
elif fcode == '400' or fcode == '408' or fcode == '407' or fcode == '457':
    fcode = 28
elif fcode == '401' or fcode == '402' or fcode == '403' or fcode == '499' or fcode == '410' or fcode == '409':
    fcode = 29
elif fcode == '503' or fcode == '504' or fcode == '507' or fcode == '508':
    fcode = 30
elif fcode == '500' or fcode == '509' or fcode == '510' or fcode == '514' or fcode == '515' or fcode == '501':
    fcode = 31
elif fcode == '511' or fcode == '512' or fcode == '513':
    fcode = 32
elif fcode == '900':
    fcode = 33
elif fcode == '901':
    fcode = 34
elif fcode == '999':
    fcode = 35

if tcode == '100' or tcode == '150':
    tcode = 19
elif tcode == '104' or tcode == '154':
    tcode = 20
elif tcode == '101' or tcode == '103' or tcode == '102' or tcode == '153':
    tcode = 21
elif tcode == '300' or tcode == '301' or tcode == '350' or tcode == '351':
    tcode = 22
elif tcode == '302' or tcode == '303':
    tcode = 23
elif tcode == '304':
    tcode = 24
elif tcode == '305' or tcode == '309':
    tcode = 25
elif tcode == '306' or tcode == '307' or tcode == '308' or tcode == '310' or tcode == '311' or tcode == '312' or tcode == '313' or tcode == '314' or tcode == '315' or tcode == '316' or tcode == '317' or tcode == '318' or tcode == '399':
    tcode = 26
elif tcode == '404' or tcode == '405' or tcode == '406' or tcode == '456':
    tcode = 27
elif tcode == '400' or tcode == '408' or tcode == '407' or tcode == '457':
    tcode = 28
elif tcode == '401' or tcode == '402' or tcode == '403' or tcode == '499' or tcode == '410' or tcode == '409':
    tcode = 29
elif tcode == '503' or tcode == '504' or tcode == '507' or tcode == '508':
    tcode = 30
elif tcode == '500' or tcode == '509' or tcode == '510' or tcode == '514' or tcode == '515' or tcode == '501':
    tcode = 31
elif tcode == '511' or tcode == '512' or tcode == '513':
    tcode = 32
elif tcode == '900':
    tcode = 33
elif tcode == '901':
    tcode = 34
elif tcode == '999':
    tcode = 35

print(high)
print(low)
print(fcode)
print(thigh)
print(tlow)
print(tcode)

aqiindex_url = "http://219.233.250.38:8087/AQI/PatrolHandler.do?provider=SEMCShare.ChildWeb&method=RegionData&groupID=213&tdsourcetag=s_pctim_aiomsg"
aqiindex_response = requests.get(aqiindex_url)
aqiindex_result = aqiindex_response.text
result = json.loads(aqiindex_result)

PM25 = str(result[1]['pm25Value'])
PM10 = str(result[1]['pm10Value'])
aqi = str(result[1]['primaryPollutantAQI'])
o3 = str(result[1]['o3Value'])
primary = str(result[1]['primaryPollutantType'])
print(PM25)
print(PM10)
print(aqi)
print(o3)

publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/tempfl", tempfl, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/real", real, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/hum", hum, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/code", code, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/high", high, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/low", low, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/fcode", fcode, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/tcode", tcode, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/thigh", thigh, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/tlow", tlow, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/pm25", PM25, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/pm10", PM10, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/aqi", aqi, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/o3", o3, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port, client_id=client_id,
               auth={'username': user, 'password': password})
if primary == 'PM2.5':
    primary = 1
elif primary == 'PM10':
    primary = 2
elif primary == 'O3':
    primary = 3
elif primary == 'CO':
    primary = 4
elif primary == 'SO2':
    primary = 5
elif primary == 'NO2':
    primary = 6
publish.single("casatift/weather/shanghai/primary", primary, qos=1, hostname=host, port=port,
               client_id=client_id, auth={'username': user, 'password': password})

mqtt 数据上传与传感器数据处理

• BME280传感器实物 温湿度传感器

激光照射在空气中，遇到颗粒物后由于光的折射使激光形成散射光，再通过散射光收集装置，将空气中反射回来的散射光收集起来，持续一段时间之后，传感器将会把单位体积内连续收集的不同的散射光进行整理，计算与分析，其优点在于体积小，工作无噪音，测量精度高。

pm10 pm2.5 hum（温度，湿度）数据获取与发送

on System#Boot do
GPIO,0,0
timerSet,1,60
SerialSend SPG(1);
endon

On Rules#Timer=1 do
GPIO,0,1
timerSet,2,10
endon

On PMS#pm10 do
Publish domoticzc/in,'{"idx":152,"nvalue":0,"svalue":"[PMS#pm2.5]"}' “这一段是mqtt发送pm2.5数值，请自行更改topic和payload，并将此句说明删除”
Publish domoticzc/in,'{"idx":151,"nvalue":0,"svalue":"[PMS#pm10]"}'“这一段是mqtt发送pm10数值，请自行更改topic和payload，并将此句说明删除”
Publish domoticzc/in,'{"idx":313,"nvalue":0,"svalue":"[PMS#temp];[PMS#hum];0"}'“这一段是mqtt发送温湿度，请自行更改topic和payload，并将此句说明删除”
SerialSend DS16(214,104,'indoor: [PMS#temp]/[PMS#hum]%   ',15,0);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS16(214,120,'pm2.5: [PMS#pm2.5]ug/m3   ',18,0);
Delay 20
if [PMS#pm10] > 50
timerSet,2,30
endif
endon

On Rules#Timer=2 do
if [PMS#pm10] > 35
GPIO,0,0
timerSet,1,60
else
GPIO,0,0
timerSet,1,120
endif
endon

• PMS5003S系列传感器实物图

• co2 二氧化碳传感器 Sense air s8

氧化碳传感器的工作原理是非色散红外：测量被红外传感器吸收的红外光，来判断被测二氧化碳的浓度，再通过数字模拟，仪器仪表就能够计算出被测气体的浓度。

• 光线传感器 BH1750

temp,co2（温度 二氧化碳）数据获取与转发

on MQTTCODE#PCODE do
If %systime% > 07:00:00 and  %systime% < 21:00:00 
SerialSend SEBL(100);
Delay 20
else
SerialSend SEBL(5);
Endif
SerialSend BPIC(1,0,0,[MQTTNOW#CODE]);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS64(210,45,'[MQTTNOW#NOW]/[MQTTNOW#TEMPFL]   ',15,0);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS16(214,104,'indoor: [PMS#temp]/[PMS#hum]%',15,0);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS16(214,120,'pm2.5: [PMS#pm2.5]ug/m3   ',18,0);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS16(214,136,'co2: [CO2#ppm] ppm   ',16,0);
Delay 20
if [MQTTCODE#PCODE] = 1
SerialSend DS16(214,153,'aqi: [MQTTAQI#AQI](PM2.5)  ',15,0);
endif
if [MQTTCODE#PCODE] = 2
SerialSend DS16(214,153,'aqi: [MQTTAQI#AQI](PM10)  ',15,0);
endif
if [MQTTCODE#PCODE] = 3
SerialSend DS16(214,153,'aqi: [MQTTAQI#AQI](O3)  ',15,0);
endif
if [MQTTCODE#PCODE] = 4
SerialSend DS16(214,153,'aqi: [MQTTAQI#AQI](CO)  ',15,0);
endif
if [MQTTCODE#PCODE] = 5
SerialSend DS16(214,153,'aqi: [MQTTAQI#AQI](SO2)  ',15,0);
endif
if [MQTTCODE#PCODE] = 6
SerialSend DS16(214,153,'aqi: [MQTTAQI#AQI](NO2)  ',15,0);
endif
Delay 20
SerialSend BPIC(1,340,52,35);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS24(20,204,'%syshour_0%:%sysmin_0%  ',15,0);;
Delay 20
SerialSend BPIC(1,207,200,[MQTTCODE#FCODE]);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS24(239,204,'[MQTTTEMP#HIGH]/[MQTTTEMP#LOW]  ',15,0);
Delay 20
SerialSend BPIC(1,300,200,[MQTTCODE#TCODE]);
Delay 20
SerialSend DS24(332,204,'[MQTTTEMP#THIGH]/[MQTTTEMP#TLOW]  ',15,0);
Delay 20
endon

on CO2#ppm do
Publish domoticzc/in,'{"idx":25,"nvalue":[CO2#ppm]}'“这一段是mqtt发送CO2数值，请自行更改topic和payload，并将此句说明删除”
SerialSend DS16(214,136,'co2: [CO2#ppm] ppm',16,0);
Delay 20
endon

on Clock#Time=All,**:** do
SerialSend DS24(20,204,'%syshour_0%:%sysmin_0%  ',15,0);;
endon

• 显示屏UsartGPU26B

硬件连接

如图

连接前数据线改装

我们需要改装一个一转六的杜邦线来供使用，由于各个传感器之间所需要的工作电压也不尽相同，包含5v和3.3的工作电压，因而还需要制作两根一转4的杜邦线以供使用，而光线传感器和温湿度传感器，考虑到它们是I2C的接口，可以用并联的方式连接，便还需要2根1转2的杜邦线，其余需要准备若干单根的杜邦线去单独连接开关，二氧化碳传感器，屏幕

屏幕程序写入

串口屏幕的VCC接口接USB -TTL的5V，两者的GND接GND，形成回路，工具的RX接收端口接屏幕的TX发送端口，工具的发送TX端口接屏幕的RX接受端口

在控制面板中找到电脑端口，选择端口为USB-TTL的端口，鼠标右键点击，将波特率设置为115200

下载GpuMaker，打开首页，使用串口命令将我们所需要开机屏幕欢迎界面信息，时间显示信息，温湿度显示信息，PM2.5，PM10，以及二氧化碳界面显示信息导入。

• 举例

线路连接

以DI mini为连接起点，用改装的一转六杜邦线连接所有其他设备的GN，我们需拿出一根一转四的杜邦线，杜邦线的其中一头连接D1 mini的5v，另外几头分别连接颗粒物传感器，二氧化碳传感器及串口屏幕的VCC端，保证有足够的电压输入给我们的设备

使用一根一转四的杜邦线连接D1 mini的3.3v端，其余线口分别去连接开关，光线传感器，温湿度传感器等额定电压为3.3v的传感器

使用两根一转二的杜邦线使温湿度传感器的SDA与光线传感器的SDA相连，SCL与SCL相连，其中SDA表示数据传送线，SCL表示数据数据控制线，

D1 mini的D6端，需要用单线去连接颗粒物传感器的TXD控制线，二氧化碳传感器的UART OX/OT 端接MCU的D3、D4端.开关的output接DI mini的D5端

D1 mini(esp32) 测试 页面配置

将D1 mini与电脑连接,去GitHub下载ESPEASY固件，点开文件夹运行FlashESP.exe，在设备管理器中选择D1 mini端口号，选择test_ESP8266_4096.bin的即可

移植之后翻看板子背面，轻按下reset使MCU重启，然后最好通过电脑搜索WIFI，之后就能搜索到一个名为ESP-Easy_0的WIFI。WIFI连接密码为configure，连入后会在页面看到此时你电脑所监测到的所有WiFi网络名称

找到你自己的WiFi网络，点击连接，网站会提醒你需要等待20秒，之后会告知IP的地址，浏览器中输入这个IP地址，等待数秒之后就能进入ESPEASY的配置页面，出现IP地址即表示配置成功

硬件配置

web 检测物配置

• 打开D1 mini，进入ESPEASY的网络配置界面，找到tools界面，配置各项功能：

其中rules的勾选是为了给按键设置切换规则及延迟时间，勾选NTP可以自动达成网络时间同步协议

• 检测值

以二氧化碳传感器为例，在Device处选择好设备型号，Name处填写好设备名称，点击Enabled添加后，一定注意端口的设置与设备连接时对应，由于与D1 mini模块连接时二氧化碳连接5v电压，为保证设备正常运行，需要连接上拉电阻引脚。因此此处 GPIO处选择D3,D4，Sensor处选择二氧化碳Carbon Dioxide，检测刷新时间定为60秒，而后将输出单位设置为PPM。

命令配置

当所有设备添加设置完毕后，点击Rules选项，如图所示，设置按钮响应，其中delay指令代表延迟，on Button#Switch=1 do 这一行表示，当开关的状态为开时，执行do之后的 if逻辑命令，其中命令SPG表示显示第几界面，具体情况看数据显示，CIR（156，120，119，[Dummy#cc]）命令表示在屏幕中坐标为（156，120）的位置用#cc的颜色画一个半径为180的圆形。BOXF命令可以在屏幕上呈现一个方框，而DS64（98，65，‘[PMS#pm10]’，15）命令表示在（98，65）坐标处用15号颜色显示颗粒物传感器中PM10的数据。

效果

最终效果

如图

See

• 1.https://post.smzdm.com/p/768952/